Surgical management of extensive oral tumors by bilateral rostral mandibulectomy in two dogs

Two dogs of different age groups were presented with the history of oral growth, bleeding, excessive salivation, bad breath, inappetance and dysphagia. Physical examination revealed cauliflower like reddish growth in the gingiva enclosing the mandibular incisiors and canine tooth. Haematology and serum biochemical profiles were within the normal range. Plain radiography revealed extensive growth involving the lower mandible and gingiva. Hence rostral mandibulectomy was performed to excise the tumor mass. The dogs recovered uneventfully after surgery with no difficulty in feeding liquid and semisolid diet. The post operative prognosis for dogs with oral neoplasia depends on type of tumor and extent of disease at the time of surgery. In the above two cases the tumors were benign and rostral mandibulectomy provided excellent prognosis and recovery with no recurrence of tumor

Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F. Muell: a concise report on its phytopharmacological aspects / 中国天然药物

Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F. Muell belonging to the family Violaceae, popularly known as Ratanpurus (Hindi) is a herb or a shrub distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. In the Ayurvedic literature, the plant is reported to cure conditions of "Kapha" and "Pitta", urinary calculi, strangury, painful dysentery, vomiting, burning sensation, wandering of the mind, urethral discharge, blood trouble, asthma, epilepsy, cough, and to give tone to the breasts. Phytochemically, the plant contains a considerable amount of dipeptide alkaloids, aurantiamide acetate, isoarborinol, and β-sitosterol, sugars, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenes, phenols, flavones, catachins, tannins, anthraquinones and amino acids. Pharmacologically, the plant is reported to possess antidiabetic, antiplasmodial, antimicrobial, anticonvulsant, nephroprotective, aphrodisiac, hepatoprotective, antiinflammatory, aldose reductase inhibitory and free radical scavenging activities. The information provided in this review will be worthwhile to know the applicability of H. enneaspermus for the treatment of various acute or chronic diseases with a diverse nature of phytoconstituents. The overall data in this review article were collected from various scientific sources on the research of H. enneaspermus.

Aphrodisiac activity of ethanolic extract of Pedalium murex Linn fruit

Objective: The study represents an interesting case report for a very good aphrodisiac activity observed during an oral glucose tolerance test performed while evaluating the antidiabetic potential of Pedalium murex Linn. fruit. Methods: Ethanolic extract of Pedalium murex at a dose of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg p.o. was given to the rats followed by administration of 2 g/kg p.o. of glucose 30 min after the administration of extract. Results: Pregnancy was observed in the treated groups after 20-25 days of treatment in females which resulted in birth of pubs ranging upto ten in some females (more significant in case of 500 mg/kg p.o.). The observation also showed a significant increase in weights of pubs along with a normal behavior pattern. The increased pregnancy rate in the drug treated groups may be due to the healthy viable sperm and enhancement of sexual desire of the rats. Conclusion: From the results it may be concluded that the fruits of the plant may be used as a good aphrodisiac agent to promote fertility rate.

Evaluation of in vitro aldose reductase inhibitory potential of different fraction of Hybanthus enneaspermus Linn F. Muell

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the aldose reductase inhibitory (ARI) activity of different fractions of Hybanthus enneaspermus for potential use in diabetic cataract.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Total phenol and flavonoid content of different fractions was determined. ARI activity of different fractions in rat lens was investigated in vitro.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The results showed significant level of phenolic and flavonoid content in ethyl acetate fraction [total phenol (212.15±0.79 mg/g), total flavonoid (39.11±2.27 mg/g)] and aqueous fraction [total phenol (140.62±0.57 mg/g), total flavonoid (26.07±1.49 mg/g)] as compared with the chloroform fraction [total phenol (68.56±0.51 mg/g), total flavonoid (13.41±0.82 mg/g)] and petrolium ether fraction [total phenol (36.68±0.43 mg/g), total flavonoid (11.55±1.06 mg/g)]. There was a significant difference in the ARI activity of each fraction, and it was found to be the highest in ethyl acetate fraction [IC50 (49.26±1.76 µg/mL)] followed by aqueous extract [IC50 (70.83±2.82 µg/mL)] and it was least in the petroleum ether fraction [IC50 (118.89±0.71 µg/mL)]. Chloroform fraction showed moderate activity [IC50 (98.52±1.80 µg/mL)].</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Different fractions showed significanct amount of ARI activity, where in ethyl acetate fraction it was found to be maximum which may be due to its high phenolic and flavonoid content. The extract after further evaluation may be used in the treatment of diabetic cataract.</p>

Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of aceclofenac Vs aceclofenac and paracetamol combination in animals

Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of aceclofenac was compared with combination of aceclofenac and paracetamol. The analgesic activity was assessed using Eddy's hot plate method and acetic acid-induced method. The anti-inflammatory activity was assessed in acute [Carrageenan-induced oedema] model of inflammation in rat. The aceclofenac and paracetamol combination showed significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity when compared to aceclofenac alone

Locomotor and analgesic activity of different extracts of aerial parts of Marsilea minuta linn.

Marsilea minuta is a well known medicinal herb used in various types of diseases. It was used in ancient days as valiya varahyrdighrtam to produce sedative action and to control the Vatadosha's induced pain. In the present study, locomotor and analgesic activity of different extracts of aerial parts of Marsilea minuta were evaluated in albino mice. The extracts produced significant locomotor and analgesic activity when compared with standard drugs - diazepam and pentazocine respectively

Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of leaves of Tylophora indica linn

The leaves of Tylophora indica Linn, were traditionally used to treat bronchitis, diarrhoea, dysentery and as emetic, etc. However indigenous practitioners have claimed that the leaves are highly useful in the treatment of jaundice. Hence the present study was planned to verify this claim. Administration of alcoholic and aqueous extracts of leaves of Tylophora indica protect liver from the toxic effect of carbon tetrachloride by restoring the levels of serum bilirubin and serum marker enzymes alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase as compared to the standard drug Silymarin treated rats. Histology of the liver section of the animals treated with the extracts showed the presence of normal hepatic cords, absence of necrosis and fatty infiltration which further evidenced the hepatoprotective activity

Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of Ichnocarpus frutescens root

Ichnocarpus frutescens has been widely used in the traditional medicine for the treatment of a variety of diseases. In the present study anti-inflammatory and antioxidant property of roots of this plant was investigated. The anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic extract of Ichnocarpus frutescens [MEIF] was evaluated by carrageenan, and cotton pellet induced granuloma tests to determine its effects on acute and chronic phase of inflammation models in rats. Preliminary Phytochemical analysis of methanolic extracts showed presence of terpenoids, flavonoids, and sterols. Maximum inhibition [54.63%] was obtained at the dose of 100 mg/kg after 3 hrs of drug treatment in carrageenan induced paw oedema, whereas indomethacin produced 57.65% of inhibition. In the chronic model, 300 mg/kg of MEIF like indomethacin and dexamethasone standard drug decreased formation of granuloma tissue by 22.64, 29.63% and 34.84% respectively. The successive methanol re-extract of Ichnocarpus frutescens root [MEIF] exhibited strong scavenging effects on 2, 2-diphenyl-2-picryl hydroxyl [DPPH] free radical, nitric oxide, super oxide anion, hydroxyl radical and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. These results clearly indicate strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of Ichnocarpus frutescens root

Pharmacological evaluation of smaller chain di- and tri-peptides in alloxan-induced rabbits

Amino acids and smaller chain peptides form an integral part of body's inventory of drugs which maintain the various functions, vital to human life and health. Test drugs such as Ile-Val, Ile-Val-Glu and Gly-Phe showed significant anti-diabetic activity, with Ile-Val being most effective amongst all using insulin as a standard drug. Statistical analysis showed that test drug possessed significant antidiabetic activity [t-value at P<0.01=4.02]. The smaller chain peptide combinations are showing significant anti-diabetic activity due to better physical and chemical stability in comparison with the long chain peptide combinations of the standard insulin

Diuretic activity of the extracts ofadansonia digitata leaves

Methanolic and aqueous extracts of Adansonia digitata leaves were tested for diuretic activity in rats. The parameters studied on individual rat were body weight before and after test period, total urine volume, urine concentration of Na[+], K[+] and Cl. In the present study, methanolic and aqueous extracts of Adansonia digitata leaves [100mg/kg of body weight] showed increase in urine volume, cation and anion excretion. Frusemide was used as a reference diuretic

Wound healing activity of different marketed ayurvedic tailams

Five Marketed Ayurvedic Tailam Formulations[1] [Table 2]of reputed manufacturers were screened for wound healing activity in different types of wound models in rats [Excision and Incision wound models]. Complete filling and healing of wounds was observed for 12 days after daily application of the tailams. All the tailams produced a significant response in wound healing. The results were also comparable to standard drug Povidone iodine ointment in terms of wound contracting ability, percentage wound closure and tensile strength

Wound healing activity of the extracts of Sida acuta

Leaf extracts of Sida acuta Linn. were screened for wound healing activity in types of wound models in rats [1] Excision and [2] Incision wound model. Complete filling and healing of wounds was observed for 12 days after daily application of the aqueous and alcoholic extracts in the form of an ointment in the concentration of 5% w/w and 10% w/w. Both alcoholic and aqueous extracts of the plant produced a significant response in wound healing. The results were also comparable to standard drug Povidone Iodine ointment in terms of wound contracting ability, percentage wound closure and tensile strength